A work that reckons with the two great failures of America's founding: the failure to end slavery and the failure to avoid Indian removal. On the eve of the American Revolution, half a million enslaved African Americans were embedded in the North American population. The slave trade was flourishing, even as the thirteen colonies armed themselves to defend against the idea of being governed without consent. This paradox gave birth to what the author calls the "great contradiction": How could a government that had been justified and founded on the principles articulated in the Declaration of Independence institutionalize slavery? How could it permit a tidal wave of western migration by settlers who understood the phrase "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of Indian lands? With narrative grave and a flair for irony and paradox, the author addresses the questions that lie at America's twisted roots - questions that turned even the sharpest minds of the revolutionary generation into mental contortionists. He discusses the first debates around slavery and the treatment of Native Americans, from the Constitutional Convention to the Treaty of New York, revealing the thinking and rationalizations behind Jay, Hamilton, and Madison's revisions of the Articles of Confederation. He also highlights the key role of figures like Quaker abolitionist Anthony Benezet and Creek chief Alexander McGillivray. The author writes with candor and deftness, his voice rising above presentist historians and partisans who are eager to make the founders into trophies in the ongoing culture wars. Instead, he tells a story that is rooted in the coexistence of grandeur and failure, brilliance and blindness, grace and sin. -- Adapted from jacket flap description.
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